8+ Best Ice Machines for Shoulder Surgery Recovery


8+ Best Ice Machines for Shoulder Surgery Recovery

Chilly remedy models, incessantly utilized following shoulder procedures, ship constant, managed temperature discount to the affected space. These units usually include a reservoir for ice and water, a pump, and tubing related to a pad or wrap that’s utilized to the surgical website. This localized cooling helps handle post-operative ache and irritation.

Controlling irritation and ache by this technique is important for affected person consolation and facilitates the therapeutic course of. Lowered swelling minimizes tissue injury and permits for earlier mobilization and bodily remedy. Traditionally, fundamental ice packs offered related advantages, although much less successfully. Fashionable models provide constant temperature management, eliminating the necessity for frequent ice pack modifications and lowering the chance of tissue injury from excessive chilly.

This dialogue will discover the assorted sorts of chilly remedy programs out there, elements influencing unit choice, correct utilization methods, potential dangers and issues, and the general position of cryotherapy in shoulder rehabilitation.

1. Ache Discount

Publish-operative ache administration is a important side of shoulder surgical procedure restoration. Chilly remedy, typically delivered by way of specialised models, performs a major position in attaining this. The appliance of chilly constricts blood vessels, lowering blood move to the affected space. This vasoconstriction minimizes swelling and irritation, two main sources of post-surgical ache. Moreover, chilly numbs nerve endings, instantly interrupting ache alerts transmitted to the mind. This twin actionreducing irritation and numbing nervesmakes chilly remedy a extremely efficient ache administration technique following shoulder surgical procedure. For instance, a affected person present process rotator cuff restore may expertise important ache attributable to tissue trauma and irritation. Constant use of a chilly remedy unit can considerably alleviate this discomfort, facilitating a extra comfy restoration course of.

The significance of ache discount extends past mere consolation. Uncontrolled ache can hinder rehabilitation efforts. When ache is managed successfully, sufferers usually tend to interact in prescribed workout routines and bodily remedy, essential for regaining power and mobility. Lowered ache additionally promotes higher sleep, important for tissue therapeutic and general well-being. Conversely, poorly managed ache can result in a cycle of inactivity, stiffness, and additional ache, probably delaying or impeding full restoration. Take into account a affected person experiencing extreme post-operative ache. This particular person may be hesitant to maneuver their shoulder, resulting in stiffness and decreased vary of movement. Efficient ache administration with a chilly remedy unit permits for earlier mobilization and lively participation in bodily remedy, minimizing these dangers.

Efficient ache administration is crucial for profitable shoulder surgical procedure restoration. Chilly remedy models provide a protected and efficient technique for lowering ache and irritation, selling affected person consolation and enabling lively participation in rehabilitation. Addressing post-surgical ache promptly and successfully facilitates a smoother, sooner, and extra full restoration course of. Incorporating chilly remedy as a key element of a complete post-surgical ache administration plan contributes considerably to optimistic affected person outcomes.

2. Swelling Management

Publish-surgical swelling, a pure inflammatory response to tissue trauma, can considerably impede shoulder restoration. Efficient swelling administration is essential for restoring operate and minimizing discomfort. Chilly remedy, delivered by specialised models, performs a central position in controlling post-operative edema.

  • Vasoconstriction

    Chilly utility constricts blood vessels, limiting blood move to the surgical website. This vasoconstriction minimizes fluid leakage into the encircling tissues, thus lowering swelling. Lowered blood move additionally limits the inflow of inflammatory mediators, additional mitigating the swelling response. For instance, following a rotator cuff restore, the applying of a chilly remedy unit helps management swelling by constricting the localized vasculature.

  • Mobile Metabolism

    Chilly temperatures sluggish mobile metabolism within the affected space. This diminished metabolic exercise decreases the manufacturing of inflammatory byproducts, which contribute to swelling. By slowing mobile processes, chilly remedy helps reduce the general inflammatory response and subsequent edema. In circumstances of labral repairs, controlling mobile metabolism by chilly utility can considerably scale back post-operative swelling and related ache.

  • Ache Discount by Swelling Management

    Swelling exerts stress on surrounding tissues, together with nerve endings, resulting in ache. By controlling swelling, chilly remedy not directly reduces ache and improves affected person consolation. This ache discount is essential for facilitating early mobilization and participation in bodily remedy, important parts of profitable shoulder rehabilitation. A affected person recovering from shoulder arthroscopy, for instance, will profit from diminished swelling and related ache, enabling earlier vary of movement workout routines.

  • Optimized Therapeutic Setting

    Extreme swelling can impede the supply of vitamins and oxygen to the therapeutic tissues. By controlling swelling, chilly remedy helps create a extra optimum surroundings for tissue restore and regeneration. This optimized surroundings promotes sooner therapeutic and minimizes the chance of issues. In shoulder dislocation circumstances, controlling swelling by chilly remedy can contribute to sooner ligament therapeutic and joint stability restoration.

Controlling swelling is paramount for profitable shoulder restoration after surgical procedure. Chilly remedy models present an important mechanism for managing edema, facilitating ache discount, selling a wholesome therapeutic surroundings, and finally contributing to improved affected person outcomes. The combination of chilly remedy into post-surgical care protocols considerably enhances the restoration course of and optimizes useful restoration of the shoulder.

3. Irritation Administration

Irritation, a pure physiological response to tissue damage, performs a important position within the therapeutic course of following shoulder surgical procedure. Nevertheless, extreme or extended irritation can impede restoration, inflicting elevated ache, swelling, and delayed therapeutic. Managing irritation successfully is subsequently important for optimizing affected person outcomes. Chilly remedy, typically delivered by way of specialised ice machines, constitutes a key element of post-surgical irritation administration. The appliance of chilly to the surgical website constricts blood vessels, lowering blood move and limiting the inflow of inflammatory mediators. This vasoconstriction helps management swelling and ache, two hallmark signs of irritation. Moreover, diminished blood move minimizes the supply of inflammatory cells to the injured space, mitigating the general inflammatory response. For instance, following a rotator cuff restore, the localized utility of chilly helps management the inflammatory cascade, selling a extra managed therapeutic surroundings.

The sensible significance of irritation administration extends past symptom management. Extreme irritation can result in the formation of scar tissue, which may prohibit motion and impair long-term operate. By successfully managing irritation, chilly remedy helps reduce scar tissue formation, selling optimum tissue therapeutic and useful restoration. Take into account a affected person present process shoulder arthroscopy for labral restore. Controlling irritation on this context can forestall extreme scar tissue formation throughout the joint, preserving vary of movement and stopping future issues. Furthermore, efficient irritation administration contributes to a extra comfy restoration expertise, permitting sufferers to have interaction in rehabilitation workout routines earlier and extra successfully.

Efficient irritation administration is a vital side of post-surgical shoulder care. Chilly remedy delivered by ice machines gives a priceless instrument for controlling the inflammatory response, minimizing ache and swelling, and selling optimum tissue therapeutic. This, in flip, facilitates a sooner and extra full restoration, enabling sufferers to regain full shoulder operate and return to their regular actions extra rapidly. Integrating chilly remedy into post-surgical protocols represents a cornerstone of efficient irritation administration and contributes considerably to optimistic affected person outcomes following shoulder surgical procedure.

4. Improved Consolation

Enhanced affected person consolation represents a major advantage of chilly remedy following shoulder surgical procedure. Publish-operative ache and swelling contribute considerably to affected person discomfort, typically hindering sleep, mobility, and general well-being. Chilly remedy models, delivering constant and managed temperature discount, instantly deal with these sources of discomfort. By lowering irritation and numbing nerve endings, these units alleviate ache, a main contributor to post-surgical discomfort. Take into account a affected person recovering from rotator cuff surgical procedure. The appliance of a chilly remedy unit can considerably scale back ache ranges, enabling extra comfy relaxation and selling a way of general well-being. Concurrently, by controlling swelling, chilly remedy minimizes stress on surrounding tissues, additional enhancing consolation. Lowered swelling additionally alleviates the tightness and throbbing sensations typically related to post-operative edema, contributing to a extra comfy restoration expertise.

The sensible significance of improved consolation extends past subjective well-being. Enhanced consolation facilitates better affected person compliance with rehabilitation protocols. When sufferers expertise much less ache and discomfort, they’re extra prone to interact in prescribed workout routines and bodily remedy, essential for regaining power and mobility. For instance, a affected person experiencing important post-operative ache may be hesitant to maneuver their shoulder, hindering restoration. Improved consolation by chilly remedy encourages lively participation in rehabilitation, selling sooner therapeutic and useful restoration. Moreover, enhanced consolation promotes higher sleep high quality. Sufficient sleep is crucial for tissue restore and general restoration. By lowering ache and swelling, chilly remedy contributes to improved sleep, facilitating the physique’s pure therapeutic processes.

Improved consolation constitutes an important component of profitable shoulder surgical procedure restoration. Chilly remedy models, by mitigating ache and swelling, play a pivotal position in enhancing affected person consolation. This enhanced consolation, in flip, promotes higher sleep, facilitates lively participation in rehabilitation, and finally contributes to improved affected person outcomes. Recognizing the direct hyperlink between chilly remedy and enhanced affected person consolation underscores the significance of incorporating these units into post-surgical care protocols.

5. Quicker Therapeutic

Expedited therapeutic represents a main goal following shoulder surgical procedure. Chilly remedy, delivered by specialised models, contributes considerably to this accelerated restoration. By controlling irritation, these units reduce secondary tissue injury, making a extra conducive surroundings for tissue restore. Lowered irritation additionally limits the manufacturing of pain-inducing chemical substances, permitting for earlier mobilization and engagement in bodily remedy, each essential for sooner therapeutic. As an illustration, following a rotator cuff restore, constant chilly utility can speed up the therapeutic of broken tendons by lowering irritation and selling blood move essential for tissue regeneration.

The sensible implications of sooner therapeutic are substantial. Earlier mobilization and resumption of regular actions signify key affected person targets. Chilly remedy facilitates this by lowering ache and swelling, enabling sufferers to take part actively in rehabilitation sooner. This, in flip, strengthens supporting musculature, improves joint stability, and accelerates the return to pre-surgical operate. Take into account a affected person recovering from shoulder instability surgical procedure. Quicker therapeutic, facilitated by chilly remedy, permits for faster resumption of actions like lifting and reaching, essential for regaining full performance. Moreover, sooner therapeutic reduces the general restoration interval, minimizing time away from work, leisure actions, and each day routines.

Accelerated therapeutic is a important element of profitable shoulder surgical procedure restoration. Chilly remedy performs an important position in attaining this accelerated therapeutic by controlling irritation, lowering ache, and facilitating earlier mobilization. This finally interprets to faster resumption of regular actions, improved useful outcomes, and a shorter general restoration interval. Recognizing the direct hyperlink between chilly remedy and sooner therapeutic underscores the significance of integrating these units into post-surgical care protocols.

6. Enhanced Mobility

Restoring mobility represents a main aim following shoulder surgical procedure. Efficient ache and swelling administration are essential for attaining this goal. Chilly remedy, incessantly delivered by specialised models, performs a major position in facilitating enhanced mobility after shoulder procedures.

  • Ache Discount

    Publish-surgical ache typically restricts motion. Chilly remedy reduces ache by constricting blood vessels and numbing nerve endings. This ache discount allows earlier and extra intensive vary of movement workout routines, contributing on to enhanced mobility. For instance, a affected person recovering from a rotator cuff restore can expertise important ache reduction by chilly remedy, facilitating earlier lively and passive vary of movement workout routines essential for restoring shoulder mobility.

  • Swelling Management

    Swelling limits joint motion and contributes to stiffness. Chilly remedy minimizes swelling by lowering blood move and fluid accumulation within the surgical space. This swelling discount facilitates better freedom of motion and improved joint mechanics. Following a shoulder dislocation, for instance, chilly remedy can considerably scale back swelling, enabling earlier mobilization and stopping stiffness.

  • Improved Muscle Operate

    Chilly remedy, whereas primarily acknowledged for its analgesic and anti inflammatory results, may enhance muscle operate. Lowered ache and swelling permit for more practical muscle activation and contraction, important for restoring regular motion patterns. In circumstances of frozen shoulder, for instance, chilly remedy might help enhance muscle operate by lowering ache and irritation, enabling sufferers to take part extra successfully in stretching and strengthening workout routines.

  • Facilitated Bodily Remedy

    Enhanced mobility, facilitated by chilly remedy, permits for earlier and more practical engagement in bodily remedy. Lowered ache and swelling allow sufferers to tolerate and profit from therapeutic workout routines designed to revive power, flexibility, and vary of movement. Following a labral restore, for instance, chilly remedy can improve mobility, enabling sufferers to take part extra totally in bodily remedy classes and obtain higher useful outcomes.

Enhanced mobility represents an important consequence following shoulder surgical procedure. Chilly remedy models, by their pain-reducing and anti inflammatory results, play a significant position in facilitating this enhanced mobility. This improved mobility, in flip, permits for earlier and more practical bodily remedy, sooner therapeutic, and finally, a extra full return to pre-surgical operate. Integrating chilly remedy into post-surgical care protocols considerably contributes to restoring shoulder mobility and bettering affected person outcomes.

7. Secure Utility Strategies

Secure utility of chilly remedy models is paramount for maximizing advantages and minimizing dangers following shoulder surgical procedure. Improper utilization can result in issues equivalent to frostbite, nerve injury, and pores and skin irritation, probably hindering the therapeutic course of. Adhering to established security tips ensures efficient ache and irritation administration whereas safeguarding affected person well-being.

  • Temperature and Length

    Sustaining applicable temperature and period limits is essential. Extreme chilly or extended publicity can injury superficial tissues. Usually, chilly remedy models needs to be set to a temperature that gives cooling with out inflicting discomfort or numbness. Therapy durations ought to adhere to doctor suggestions, usually starting from 15 to twenty minutes per session. Longer durations enhance the chance of opposed results. For instance, following a rotator cuff restore, making use of the chilly remedy unit for 20 minutes each 2-3 hours, as directed by a doctor, helps handle ache and irritation whereas mitigating the chance of tissue injury.

  • Pores and skin Safety

    A barrier between the chilly remedy unit and the pores and skin is crucial to forestall frostbite and pores and skin irritation. A skinny fabric or towel gives enough safety whereas nonetheless permitting efficient chilly switch. Direct pores and skin contact with the chilly supply needs to be prevented. As an illustration, putting a skinny towel between the chilly remedy pad and the pores and skin throughout post-operative restoration from shoulder arthroscopy protects towards cold-related accidents.

  • Correct Positioning

    Right placement of the chilly remedy unit ensures focused supply of chilly to the surgical website. The pad or wrap ought to conform to the contours of the shoulder, making certain even contact and optimum cooling. Securely fastening the unit prevents slippage and maintains constant contact with the goal space. Following a labral restore, for instance, correct positioning ensures efficient supply of chilly to the affected joint, maximizing ache reduction and swelling discount.

  • Monitoring for Opposed Results

    Common monitoring for opposed results is crucial. Any indicators of pores and skin discoloration (pale, bluish, or mottled pores and skin), numbness, tingling, or extreme ache warrant fast discontinuation of chilly remedy and session with a healthcare skilled. Early detection of issues minimizes potential long-term penalties. For instance, if a affected person experiences numbness or pores and skin discoloration whereas utilizing a chilly remedy unit after shoulder dislocation surgical procedure, fast removing of the gadget and notification of the medical group is essential to forestall additional issues.

Adherence to those security tips ensures the efficient and protected use of chilly remedy models following shoulder surgical procedure. By minimizing the dangers related to chilly utility, sufferers can maximize the therapeutic advantages, together with ache discount, swelling management, and enhanced mobility, finally contributing to a sooner and extra full restoration. Integrating these security practices into post-surgical care protocols ensures affected person well-being whereas optimizing the therapeutic results of chilly remedy.

8. Correct System Choice

Optimum post-surgical shoulder restoration typically necessitates using a chilly remedy unit. Correct gadget choice is essential for maximizing therapeutic advantages and making certain affected person consolation and security. Deciding on an applicable unit is determined by a number of elements, every influencing therapy efficacy and general affected person expertise. A well-chosen gadget contributes considerably to efficient ache and swelling administration, selling sooner therapeutic and improved useful outcomes.

  • Unit Kind

    Varied chilly remedy models exist, every providing distinct options and advantages. Motorized models present steady chilly move, providing constant temperature management and minimizing the necessity for frequent refills. Gravity-fed programs are less complicated and cheaper however require periodic elevation to keep up constant move. Selecting the suitable unit kind is determined by particular person affected person wants, finances constraints, and the particular suggestions of the healthcare supplier. Following rotator cuff surgical procedure, a motorized unit may be most well-liked for its constant temperature management, whereas a gravity-fed system may suffice for much less complicated procedures.

  • Pad Design and Dimension

    Pad design and measurement considerably affect therapy effectiveness. Anatomically designed pads conform to the shoulder’s contours, making certain optimum contact and focused chilly supply. Correct pad measurement is essential for masking your entire surgical space whereas avoiding pointless stress on surrounding tissues. A shoulder-specific pad, for instance, gives higher protection and chilly supply in comparison with a common pad following a labral restore. The pad’s materials also needs to be thought-about; some supplies provide higher insulation and chilly retention than others.

  • Ease of Use and Portability

    Ease of use and portability affect affected person compliance and general satisfaction. Items with intuitive controls, easy setup procedures, and light-weight designs promote constant utilization. Portability permits sufferers to make the most of the gadget comfortably in numerous settings, facilitating adherence to prescribed therapy protocols. A conveyable and easy-to-use unit advantages sufferers recovering from shoulder arthroscopy, enabling handy use at house or throughout journey.

  • Value and Sturdiness

    Value and sturdiness are vital concerns. Whereas superior models provide enhanced options, less complicated, extra inexpensive choices might suffice for sure procedures and affected person wants. Sturdiness ensures long-term performance and minimizes the necessity for replacements. A sturdy unit represents a worthwhile funding, particularly for sufferers anticipating extended chilly remedy utilization following complicated shoulder reconstructions.

Cautious consideration of those elements ensures number of a chilly remedy unit that aligns with particular person affected person necessities and promotes optimum restoration following shoulder surgical procedure. Correct gadget choice instantly influences therapy efficacy, affected person consolation, and general satisfaction, finally contributing to a sooner and extra full return to pre-surgical operate. Session with a healthcare skilled gives personalised steerage relating to applicable gadget choice based mostly on the particular surgical process and particular person affected person wants.

Often Requested Questions

Addressing frequent inquiries relating to post-surgical chilly remedy for shoulder restoration can present priceless insights and alleviate considerations, facilitating knowledgeable decision-making and selling optimum affected person outcomes.

Query 1: How lengthy ought to a chilly remedy unit be used after shoulder surgical procedure?

Utilization period varies relying on the surgical process and particular person affected person wants. Usually, chilly remedy is utilized for 15-20 minutes per session, a number of occasions a day, through the preliminary post-operative interval. Adhering to physician-prescribed durations is essential to maximise advantages and reduce dangers.

Query 2: Are there any dangers related to utilizing a chilly remedy unit?

Potential dangers embrace frostbite, pores and skin irritation, and nerve injury. These dangers are mitigated by adhering to beneficial utilization tips, together with correct pores and skin safety and monitoring for opposed results. Consulting with a healthcare skilled earlier than initiating chilly remedy addresses particular considerations and minimizes potential issues.

Query 3: Can chilly remedy models be used with different ache administration methods?

Chilly remedy can complement different ache administration modalities, together with treatment and bodily remedy. A complete strategy to ache administration typically yields the most effective outcomes. Integrating chilly remedy right into a multimodal ache administration plan optimizes affected person consolation and facilitates restoration.

Query 4: How does one select the fitting chilly remedy unit for shoulder restoration?

System choice is determined by elements equivalent to the kind of surgical procedure, particular person affected person wants, and finances constraints. Consulting with a healthcare skilled ensures applicable unit choice based mostly on particular circumstances. Elements to think about embrace unit kind (motorized vs. gravity-fed), pad design, ease of use, and value.

Query 5: When ought to chilly remedy be discontinued after shoulder surgical procedure?

The period of chilly remedy varies relying on the surgical process and particular person restoration progress. Usually, chilly remedy is utilized through the preliminary post-operative part to handle ache and swelling. Consulting with a healthcare supplier determines the suitable timeframe for discontinuing chilly remedy and transitioning to different rehabilitation modalities.

Query 6: What are the indicators of issues from chilly remedy, and what needs to be finished in the event that they happen?

Indicators of issues embrace pores and skin discoloration (pale, bluish, or mottled), numbness, tingling, or elevated ache. If any of those happen, discontinue chilly remedy instantly and phone a healthcare skilled. Immediate intervention minimizes potential long-term penalties.

Understanding the advantages and potential dangers related to chilly remedy, together with correct utilization tips and gadget choice, empowers sufferers to actively take part of their post-surgical shoulder restoration. Open communication with healthcare suppliers ensures individualized care and optimizes therapy outcomes.

The following part will delve into particular chilly remedy unit suggestions based mostly on numerous shoulder surgical procedures.

Optimizing Chilly Remedy Unit Utilization for Shoulder Restoration

Efficient utilization of chilly remedy models following shoulder surgical procedure requires adherence to particular tips. These suggestions optimize therapeutic advantages, reduce potential dangers, and contribute to a smoother, sooner restoration.

Tip 1: Adhere to Prescribed Utilization Durations: Chilly remedy durations ought to align with doctor suggestions. Usually, 15-20 minutes per session, a number of occasions a day, suffices through the preliminary post-operative interval. Exceeding beneficial durations will increase the chance of opposed results equivalent to frostbite and pores and skin irritation. Strict adherence to prescribed therapy protocols optimizes advantages whereas mitigating dangers.

Tip 2: Preserve Correct Pores and skin Safety: A barrier between the chilly remedy unit and the pores and skin is crucial. A skinny fabric or towel prevents direct contact with the chilly supply, minimizing the chance of frostbite and pores and skin irritation. This protecting layer permits efficient chilly switch whereas safeguarding pores and skin integrity.

Tip 3: Guarantee Correct Pad Placement: Exact pad placement targets chilly supply to the surgical website. Correct positioning ensures even contact and maximizes therapeutic profit. Securely fastening the unit prevents slippage and maintains constant contact, optimizing chilly utility effectiveness.

Tip 4: Monitor Repeatedly for Opposed Results: Common monitoring for pores and skin discoloration (pale, bluish, or mottled pores and skin), numbness, tingling, or elevated ache is essential. Any such indicators necessitate fast discontinuation of chilly remedy and session with a healthcare skilled. Immediate intervention minimizes potential long-term penalties.

Tip 5: Choose an Acceptable Chilly Remedy Unit: System choice ought to take into account elements just like the surgical process, particular person affected person wants, and budgetary constraints. Consulting with a healthcare skilled ensures number of a unit that aligns with particular necessities. Elements equivalent to unit kind (motorized vs. gravity-fed), pad design, ease of use, and value affect gadget suitability.

Tip 6: Combine Chilly Remedy right into a Complete Restoration Plan: Chilly remedy enhances different post-surgical interventions, together with treatment, bodily remedy, and relaxation. Integrating chilly remedy right into a multimodal restoration plan optimizes ache administration, facilitates therapeutic, and enhances useful restoration.

Tip 7: Preserve Open Communication with Healthcare Suppliers: Open communication relating to chilly remedy experiences, together with any considerations or noticed results, is crucial. Healthcare professionals present steerage, deal with considerations, and regulate therapy protocols as wanted, making certain optimum affected person outcomes.

Adhering to those tips optimizes the advantages of chilly remedy, contributing to efficient ache and swelling administration, enhanced mobility, and accelerated therapeutic following shoulder surgical procedure. Constant utility of those rules promotes a smoother, extra comfy restoration and facilitates a sooner return to pre-surgical operate.

The next part will present a complete overview of post-surgical shoulder care, encompassing numerous rehabilitation methods and anticipated restoration timelines.

Conclusion

Efficient post-surgical shoulder care typically necessitates a multifaceted strategy, with chilly remedy serving as a cornerstone of ache and irritation administration. This dialogue explored the essential position of chilly remedy models in facilitating restoration after shoulder procedures. Key advantages highlighted embrace ache discount, swelling management, irritation administration, enhanced consolation, sooner therapeutic, and improved mobility. Secure utility strategies, encompassing correct gadget choice, utilization period, and pores and skin safety, have been emphasised to make sure optimum therapeutic outcomes and reduce potential dangers. Addressing incessantly requested questions offered sensible insights, empowering sufferers to actively take part of their restoration journey.

Prioritizing applicable chilly remedy unit utilization, at the side of different prescribed post-surgical interventions, considerably contributes to profitable shoulder rehabilitation. Integrating this information into post-operative care protocols enhances affected person consolation, accelerates therapeutic, and promotes optimum useful restoration. Additional analysis exploring developments in chilly remedy expertise and individualized therapy protocols guarantees to refine post-surgical care and additional enhance affected person outcomes following shoulder procedures.